Connecting the dots of Nagakute City – ジブリと里山、文化と歴史がある長久手のWebメディア

ドイツ・デュッセルドルフと豊田・保見団地 – 移住民コミュニティの成功/英・米・仏、スウェーデン、ベルギー、オーストラリア、カナダも移民問題が勃発【Nagakute Times】

日本でのアフリカ会議開催後に、JAICA(独立行政法人国際協力機構 Japan International Cooperation Agency)が発信したアフリカ4カ国の「ホームタウン構想」は、大きく問題提起され依然揺れています

人権や国内労働力不足から海外の労働力を積極的に受け入れてきた先進国(スウェーデン、フィンランド、カナダ、ベルギーなども)もまた、こんにち移民が大きな社会のテーマの一つになっていることが世界的にかなり知られるようになってきました

そしてドイツもまた移民問題が大きな論点の一つになっていますが、大きな日本人移民コミュニティがあるドイツ・デュッセルドルフ市だけはドイツの移民排斥対象になっていません。デュッセルドルフと言えば、愛知県立芸術大学出身者で世界的アーティストの奈良美智氏が県芸大大学院卒業後にデュッセルドルフ大学に学んだことでも知られ、アートや製造業の日系企業が数多く進出している街として知られています

日本への移民として、長久手市のすぐ東隣、4.300人余の日系ブラジル人が暮らす豊田市の保見団地を取り上げます
著名な写真家が保見団地を1冊の写真集で紹介し、東京の写真界でも大いに話題になりました

移民問題はそれぞれの時代と深く結びつき、歴史的、多元的、多層的にとらえることも必要なので、考える契機の一つとしてご覧頂ければと思います

人口64万人のデュッセルドルフ市は、外国人登録者数はなんと15万人、全市民の22%
日本人は現在約8,000人強暮らしますが(人口比率1.1%)、それでもギリシャ人、ポーランド人、イタリア人、シリア人に次ぐ規模
戦後、重工業、機械工業の需要が増大し、日系企業のドイツでの拠点ハンブルグから「ルール工業地帯」に近い鉄鋼都市デュッセルドルフへと多くの日系企業が移転。現在、日系企業600社がデュッセルドルフ市にオフィスを構えている


国際移住機関(IOM)によると、「移民」とは、「国境を越えて、一時的または永続的に、さまざまな目的で通常の居住地から離れる人」のことを呼ぶとのこと(国際法的な定義はないとのことです)。この移民の定義では、一時的か高級的かに関わらず、本来の住居地を離れて移動する人の総称であり、本人の法的地位や移動の自発性、理由、滞在期間にかかわらず、新たな居住地を求める人々を包括しているとのことです

日本では、海外から日本にやってくる人々は「移民」と呼んでいるが、日本から海外に渡る人々は一般的に「移住者」と呼んでいます
よって日本から海を渡りデュッセルドルフに暮らす人々は、日本では「移住者」と呼ばれています。おそらくドイツでは上の定義にならえば日本人「移住者」「移民」として位置づけられていると思われます

世界各国で大きな問題となっている「移民問題」について4本のYoutube動画を共有します

アメリカ、英国、フランスの最近の大規模なデモは幾らかメジャーメディアでも取り上げられますが、幸福度も高く環境も良く、安心・安全な国の代表格だったベルギー、スウェーデン、カナダ、オーストラリアでも問題が限界値を超えてきています。各々の国がどんな問題を抱え込んでいるのか見てみましょう

ベルギーでは毎年8,000人が国を去り、12,000人のイスラム系の移民が入国してくるという
全人口の4分の1がイスラム系住民になり、ついに2012年、イスラム政党のISLAM (Belgian political party)が結成されました。その後、ベルギーのなかにイスラム法典を基本にしたイスラム国が誕生する可能性すらあるようです

20年頃前までカナダはG7の中でも最も安心・安全で良質な社会環境が整っている国として認識されていたが、、
所得格差と不動産価格の高騰が続く中、トルドー政権のもと2015年から高齢化と労働者不足を補うため積極的に毎年50万人もの移民を受け入れたカナダ。その結果、社会経済が徐々に崩れはじめ、住宅価格の高騰がアメリカをはるかに上回る異常な事態になりホームレスが溢れ、食料難民が増大してしまった

オーストラリアがワーキングホリデーをすればがっぽり稼げると話題になっていたのはつい1、2年前
2025年になるとあれほどオープンに見えたオーストラリアの移民政策、物価高、住宅問題がついに限界に達し各地でデモが起こり、留学には高度な制限がなされだし、ワーキングホリデーもかなり制限されだしトラブルが続出しはじめているらしい(外務省の注意喚起

日本でも注目され続けていた幸福指数世界トップレベルで福祉国家の雄・スウェーデンが大変な社会的・経済的危機を迎えています。1950年代からの先進的多文化共生政策で、現在、移民比率(難民受入含む)20%
移民第二世代になると、経済状況が悪化するなか移住者の<社会統合>が困難を極め、仕事がなく困窮する若者たちがギャングと化している、そんな報道が多くなってきています


写真集『Familia 保見団地』
(2016年 写真の会賞 受賞)by Vice Media Japan

著名なドキュメンタリー写真家・名越啓介が、保見団地に部屋を借り3年間暮らして撮影した保見団地と団地に暮らす日系ブラジル人ファミリー

名越啓介氏(奈良出身47歳)は、これまで『SMOKEY MOUNTAIN』『CHICANO』『バガボンドインド・君部メーラ聖者の疾走』など10冊以上の世界を旅しインパクトのある写真集を発表してきた写真家。9冊目の写真集となった豊田市の保見団地は、名越啓介氏にとって初の日本国内での撮影の写真集である

写真集『Familia 保見団地』を出版したVice Media Japanが制作したYoutube動画

写真家・名越啓介氏のインタビューを交えながら保見団地でどのように撮影がすすめられていたのか、日系ブラジル人とのかかわり、日系ブラジル人たちの日常生活や買い物などが記録されています。撮影当時保見団地の集合住宅には、約7,000人が暮らし、そのうち約3,000人が南米出身者でした
名越啓介氏は撮影にあたって必ず被写体になる人たちと一緒に食事しそうした信頼関係を築いた上で撮影されるスタイルを堅持しているため保見団地を撮影には3年を要したといいます。写真集のメインタイトルに「Familia」と付けたのも頷けます

保見団地:豊田市の現状とこれまでの取り組み

この記事を書いた人
1960年 長久手生まれ。上郷保育園、長久手小学校、長久手中学校へ。菊里高校、青山学院大学英米文学科卒。英字新聞部「青山トロージャン」所属。編集プロダクションのMatsuoka & Associatesにて学び、編集工学研究所入所。 1990年、洋書写真集・美術書をリースするArt Bird Books設立、1992年中目黒駅前に店舗を構える。2009年から代官山蔦屋書店にて主に写真集のブックコンシェルジェとして勤務。2020年、Uターンで地元長久手に戻る。 『Canon Photo Circle』誌の写真集コラムを1年間連載後、「長久手タイムズ」を始動。 mail address:nagakutetimes@gmail.com
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