清和源氏から「山田姓」に：「愛知郡」の前は「山田郡」だった【長久手タイムズ】小林鑛一氏 講演会記録
長久手の地名の城屋敷一帯を中心に、昔から「山田姓」の住民が多く住んでいますが（尾張東部全体に同じ傾向あり）、実は「山田の祖」と呼ばれている人物が、平安時代の後期（12世紀後半）から鎌倉時代初期に活躍していました。その名は山田重忠です。
ルーツは清和源氏ですが尾張源氏の血を引き、尾張東部を統治するため「源」からその一帯の土地の名称「山田郡（山田荘）」の「山田」姓を付け替えました。
今回のレポートは、長久手市郷土史研究会会員で歴史研究家の小林鑛一氏が、となりの瀬戸市の山口八幡社にて、「山田の祖・山田重忠公供養の会」で「山田重忠とそのファミリーヒストリー」と題した講演会の記録です（開催日：令和６年 ５月18日）。
講演会の内容は一族の歴史から一族にまつわる神社仏閣など濃厚な内容でしたので、その導入部と講演内容の一部を小林氏にご了承頂き掲載させて頂きました。
「山田」の祖・山田重忠とはどんな人物だったのでしょう
「山田重忠と そのファミリーヒストリー」講演会資料 : 小林鑛一作成 33pp 右写真：小林鑛一（こばやしこういち）氏
小林鑛一氏：郷土史研究家 長久手市郷土史研究会会員
講演会会場：瀬戸の山口八幡社・郷土資料館にて
まずは「愛知郡」のルーツから
長久手は、2012年に「長久手町」から市政施行する前まではずっと「愛知郡」に属していました。では愛知郡はいつから愛知郡だったかというと「愛知郡長久手村」だった頃はもちろんですが、じつは大昔まで遡ります。
「愛知郡」の前身は、何と７世紀後半に設置された「年魚市評（あゆちのこおり」にまでいきつくとのことです。
701年の大宝律令で「評（こおり）」が「郡」となってまず「年魚市郡」が成立。その12年後に「年魚市」は「愛智」または「愛知」に改められたとのことです。平安中期の ９〜10世紀頃には、この地域は「あいち」という読みになったとのことです。
ちなみに愛知の古称の「あゆち」の語源は、２つあり「湧水」の意味説（『愛知郡史』）と、アユが捕れる淵の意味説（『尾張国地名考』）があります。
山口八幡社には、「トトロ」や「カオナシ」の姿も。
会場となった瀬戸市の山口八幡社は、「山田の祖」の山田重忠が創立したと伝えられ、当日、八幡社の西隣に建つ本泉寺にて山田重忠の供養が行われました。
尾張の守護・山田重忠が1223年に創建したのが瀬戸の山口八幡社
講演会会場：瀬戸の山口八幡社・郷土資料館にて
古代から中世にかけて、「愛知郡」と「山田郡」は隣接していた
なんとも勘違いしやすいところですが、「長久手村・町」時代に属していたのは「愛知郡」でしたが、もとを遡ると「愛知郡」ではなく「山田郡」でした。古代から中世にかけ「愛知郡」だったところはおおまか現在の名古屋市のエリアに相当します。
また「山田郡」は、下の地図でも分かる通り、名古屋の北部と東部、北名古屋市、春日井市の一部まで広がっていました。
10世紀初頭（909年）には、山田郡の領地が朝廷から東大寺に寄進され、山田郡から「山田荘」となったのですが、その「山田荘」も八条院領となったり、その後、織田信長が「山田郡」を廃止するまでつづいたようです。
尾張源氏の祖として知られる源重遠（しげとお）が山田荘に移り住んで荘官となり「山田姓」を名乗って統治しはじめています。
織田信長が「山田郡」を廃止し、「愛知郡」と「春日井郡」に分割
戦国時代移行の原因ともなった応仁の乱（1467〜77年）の後、尾張は衰退していました。その理由は、承久の乱（1221年）で尾張源氏が京都の朝廷方に加わったため敗退し衰退していたようです。室町時代には管領の斯波氏の領国に。那古野城も駿河・遠江国の守護大名今川義元の父である今川氏親が尾張進出の拠点として築城したほど。
そこでいよいよ登場するのが織田一族。守護代だった織田氏一族が勢力を固め、1538年に織田信秀（信長の父）が今川氏親を追放し那古野城を手中に収めています。
織田信長はその那古野城で誕生し（現在は尾張西部の勝幡城が有力に）、尾張守護斯波氏も追放、尾張統一に向かいます。そして織田信長が「山田郡」を廃止し、「愛知（智）郡」と「春日井郡」に分割しました。
清和源氏が、交通の要所・美濃国の国司に
山田氏の祖：尾張源氏の末裔・山田重忠の父が「山田姓」をはじめて名乗った
執筆：小林鑛一氏
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❶「長久手タイムズ」は、デジタル空間において長久手の「価値と情報」をアップデートし、活性化させます。
❷「長久手タイムズ」は、長久手に点在する「魅力ある情報」をつなげ、線とし、面として＜長久手の魅力＞を最大限に引き出します。
❸「長久手タイムズ」は、極度に集中する大都市での暮らしとは異なる「地方の街」での暮らしの魅力と豊さを発信します。
❹「長久手タイムズ」は、＜ジブリパークのある長久手＞であることを強く認識し、ジブリパークの世界観を主に東部里山エリアにつなげていきます。
❺「長久手タイムズ」は、＜シビックプライド＞を高めるべく、より良い長久手の未来に寄与します。
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