去る3月8日、長久手古戦場記念館・オープン前記念講演会「地図で見る長久手合戦」が開催されました(主催:長久手市観光交流協会)。本レポートはその後半部分の記録となります
「国指定史跡」でもある長久手古戦場が今日あらためて注目されている理由は、現在、歴史学者のあいだで、「小牧・長久手の戦い」が、「関ヶ原の戦い」に並ぶもう一つの<天下分け目の戦い>であったことが認識されるようになってきたことが挙げられます
「桶狭間の戦い」の研究にみられるように、近年、歴史学の分野でも新たな視点や成果が生まれてきています
もう一つの<天下分け目の戦い>だった長久手合戦の主戦場を、地理学者の視点とともに見てみましょう
4月22日(水曜)OPENする長久手古戦場記念館にいざ来館!
◉本レポートは記念講演会の後半部分になります

もう一つの「天下分け目の戦い」:地理学者の視点

長久手合戦の主戦場は、イオンモール長久手店とアピタ長久手店の間を北から南へ斜めに延びる尾根「仏ケ根」一帯でした
この比較的狭い尾根一帯に、家康軍約10,000、秀吉勢の池田・森隊の約9,000の合わせてざっと20,000もの兵士が激突した
想像を超える肉弾戦だったと言われています
4月9日午前、井伊直政隊は「仏ケ根」に陣をはり、家康本隊は色金山から富士浅間(御旗山)に移動し、岩崎城を落城させ引き返して来た池田・森隊を迎え撃った
井伊隊・家康本隊は「仏ケ根」の高所にあり、岩崎城方面から谷沿いに北上してくる池田・森隊は「低所」となり、地理的に優位に立っていました
古戦場公園内を歩き、「尾根」の上から南方向を眺めると、臨場感をもって感じとることができます
秀吉軍の進軍ルートは、尾張から三河に抜ける中世の古道の一つ
地図の赤い線は、小牧山・楽田から岩崎城方面、三河へと抜けていく古道
長久手の地は、尾張と三河の国境領域に位置していた
この古道は日常的に村人や旅人が利用していた道で、秀吉勢の進軍ルートに
秀吉方(堀秀政隊)が、「桧ヶ根」の「根」(丘)を奪取しますが、もう一つの「根」(丘)である「仏ヶ根」は徳川四天王の一人井伊直政隊に陣を張られる


「くて」(低い所)が大事なのが村や農民
「ね」(高い所)が大事なのが軍隊
長久手合戦の主戦場は、長久手城の麓に細い川と溜池があり、水田が谷に広がっている場所のすぐ裏手、「富士ヶ根」(御旗山)から連なるなだらかな南北に延びる尾根「仏ヶ根」で行われた
農民としてのふだんの生活が営まれていた場所の近くで行われた

長久手合戦、古戦場は、江戸時代にどのように振り返られたか
長久手合戦から100年余たつと地元の百姓や住職の記憶と伝承だけとなり風化してしまう
合戦から約100年後の1600年代の末頃、尾張藩は長久手古戦場跡の調査を藩の学者たちに命じ調査をさせています
1706年、まず色金山や安昌寺、首塚(国指定史跡)にここが古戦場だった記念の木となる「標木」を立てていったとのこと
安昌寺には戦死者の慰霊を依頼
18世紀初頭、名古屋方面から瀬戸に向かう往来が多くなり、現在の古戦場公園一帯よりも、まず往来者の人目につきやすいところから「標木」をたてていったといいます

【国指定史跡】色金山歴史公園 左右に石碑、中央にある大きな岩(磐座)は家康が腰掛けて軍議を開いた床几石

【国指定史跡】長久手古戦場公園 秀吉方の池田勝入(恒興)の石碑
1771年(明和8年)、尾張藩の勘定奉行が石碑をつくって建てた
家康方が勝利した戦いの場所は、
尾張藩の正統性を物語る史跡として
「顕彰」すべき場所である
尾張藩勘定奉行の意人見弥右衛門桼と赤林孫七郎信之によって、古戦場公園と武蔵塚に残されている豊臣方3武将の石碑を立て永久に保護へ
(50年も経つと「標木」は腐るため。かつて尾張藩士の福留親茂がたてた標木があったが朽ち、遺跡がほぼ滅失していた 「長久手市郷土史研究会」資料)
戦場となった地元のガイドをする百姓が現れる→地元ガイドの走り
一方、桧ヶ根の合戦は、家康方が負けた戦いであるため江戸時代においてもほとんど顕彰されることはなかった


「明和の碑」刻銘:森武蔵守長一戦死場 /「明治の碑」刻銘:森公遺蹟碑 明治31年、子孫によって建てられた


長久手古戦場は、名古屋から日帰り圏内にある徳川家を顕彰する
武士が武士らしい仕事をした古戦場として
江戸時代から人気があった
1838年から企画・執筆され出し、一般大衆にも販売された『尾張名所絵図絵 全13巻』(江戸時代末期から明治時代初期にかけて刊行された尾張国の地誌。)にも「長久手古戦場」は紹介され、武士の身分以外にも広く知られるようになっていった→ 観光地化
同じく名古屋から日帰り圏内の「桶狭間古戦場」は、家康がまだ今川軍の一武将であって、しかも信長に敗れた戦さであったため尾張藩からの顕彰はあまりなされなかったといいます(明和8年に尾張藩勘定奉行による今川義元戦死の場所に石碑建立はなされた)

手前に古戦場公園、後方にかつて家康が布陣した御旗山

長久手古戦場公園 激戦があった「ね(尾根)」の様子
かつては松林が多かったと言われていますが、現在の植生は、ソメイヨシノ、ヤマザクラ、クスノキ、クヌギ、ハナノキなどに変わっています
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